OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF GENERATIVE AI

Abstract

This article explores the transformative yet complex role of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in language education. Tracing the evolution of technological revolutions, it highlights the increasing integration of AI in various aspects of human life, including education. The research focuses on the potential of generative AI tools—such as ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and others—to personalize language learning, enhance engagement, and offer immediate feedback, thereby reshaping traditional pedagogical approaches. Drawing on Albert Borgmann’s philosophical framework, particularly his concepts of the 'device paradigm' and 'focal practices' the article evaluates the implications of AI use in educational contexts. While AI offers promising opportunities for personalized, interactive, and student-centered learning, it also poses significant challenges. These include concerns over authenticity, cultural nuance, language standardization, and the erosion of critical thinking and creativity. Through theoretical analysis and practical examples—such as the AI-enhanced 'Speak Out' coursebook—the article demonstrates both the benefits and limitations of AI in language learning. It argues for a balanced, ethically grounded integration of AI that reinforces rather than replaces human engagement, cultural immersion, and creative expression. Ultimately, this study contributes to ongoing discussions in educational technology by offering a nuanced perspective on how generative AI can support, but not supplant, the human-centered process of language acquisition. The findings are valuable for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers aiming to harness AI responsibly in the digital classroom.

Key words: Gen AI,  authenticity, standardization, critical thinking, creativity.