THE VILLAGE OF TSORBISI IN THE FRON VALLEY IN GEORGIAN- TURKISH HISTORICAL AND IN PRESS MATERIALS
Abstract
The scientific work analyzes the historical past of the village of Tsorbisi in relation to modernity, life, etymology, toponymy, migration processes, monuments of material culture, folk traditions, shrines and beliefs. The research is based on Georgian-Turkish historical documents, archaeological data, ethnographic and press materials. The materials we have found are also presented.
The location of Tsorbisi is the right bank of the Eastern Fron, this is the upper course of the Dvani Fron, the foot of the mountain. The village is located on a mountainous-valley side with its relief and belongs to the mountain climate type. Tsorbisi is currently occupied. It is included in the administrative unit of the Tighvi municipality.
Due to the mountainous terrain, the name of the village may be metaphorically related to the eyebrow (the hairline above the eye), which must have been obtained by the transformation of sounds: eyebrow → tsorbi + is → tsorbisi. The name tsorbisi emphasizes the strategic and high location of the village, overlooking the surroundings.
From Tsorbisi, one of the historically important roads connecting Kartli and Imereti ran north through the mountains, which at one time played a certain role in strengthening the cultural, economic, and state unity of both parts of our country.
Along with other villages of the Fron Valley, Tsorbisi was part of the Ruisi Bishopric. The Ruisi Book of 1715 describes the following surnames living in the village of Tsorbisi: Shalbelikishvili, Bathkhadze, Maisuradze, Shoshiashvili, Savakolashvili, Khutsishvili, Tsotsolashvili, Sambakhidze, Koberidze, Goglidze, Sadzaglishvili, Kutishvili, Tabuashvili, Zambakhidze, Aduashvili.
Vakhushti and Ioane Bagrationi mention Tsorbisi when describing the settlements on the Dvanistskali and its tributaries. The royal, ecclesiastical, noble and aristocratic villages were: Bekmari, Sagolasheni, Aradeti, Tsveri, Breti, Dirbi, Dvani, Toliberi, Avnevi, Arkneti, Tsunari, Erkeneti, Tormaneuli, Ghvedreti, Nuli, Mavda, Tsorbisi, Uria, Kornisi, Rustavi,
The 1728 “Big Book of Tbilisi Province” provides us with interesting information about 78 households living in the village of Tsorbisi (Tsorbisi with the alternation of the sounds O-U). Many of the proper names mentioned in these materials later served as the basis for the formation of surnames: Naskida - Naskidashvili, Beri - Beridze, Berika - Berikashvili, Zakara - Zakarashvili, Giorga-Giorgadze, Lekvina - Lekvinadze ...
The village has preserved monuments of material culture: customs-old settlement, towers, hall church (VIII-IX centuries), Church of the Virgin Mary (IX-X centuries). In 1980, a tuff stone was found in the ruins of the monastery complex (early Middle Ages), on which two inscriptions made in old Georgian round letters (IX-X centuries) were confirmed.
Press materials ("People's Newspaper", "Arrow", "Rock") provide us with interesting and important information about the migration processes in the Fron Gorge in the second half of the 19th century, after the fall of serfdom, the settlement of Georgians from the mountains to the plains, the settlement of foreigners, the area of the villages and their inhabitants.
The documentary materials presented in the work clearly demonstrate the role of the village of Tsorbisi in the development of the Froni Gorge and the unwavering connection that existed for centuries between the local population and the common Georgian state and spiritual spaces.
Keywords: Froni Gorge, Tsorbisi, Georgian-Turkish descriptions, monuments of material culture, ancient Georgian inscriptions, migration processes, population,
